home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Id: memdisk.doc,v 1.16 2004/12/29 19:34:13 hpa Exp $
- [This documentation is rather crufty at the moment.]
-
- MEMDISK is meant to allow booting legacy operating systems via PXE,
- and as a workaround for BIOSes where ISOLINUX image support doesn't
- work.
-
- MEMDISK simulates a disk by claiming a chunk of high memory for the
- disk and a (very small - 2K typical) chunk of low (DOS) memory for the
- driver itself, then hooking the INT 13h (disk driver) and INT 15h
- (memory query) BIOS interrupts.
-
- To use it, type on the SYSLINUX command line:
-
- memdisk initrd=diskimg.img
-
- ... where diskimg.img is the disk image you want to boot from.
-
- [Obviously, the memdisk binary as well as your disk image file need to
- be present in the boot image directory.]
-
- ... or add to your syslinux.cfg/pxelinux.cfg/isolinux.cfg something like:
-
- label dos
- kernel memdisk
- append initrd=dosboot.img
-
- Note the following:
-
- a) The disk image can be uncompressed or compressed with gzip or zip.
-
- b) If the disk image is one of the following sizes, it's assumed to be a
- floppy image:
-
- 368,640 bytes - 360K floppy
- 737,280 bytes - 720K floppy
- 1,222,800 bytes - 1200K floppy
- 1,474,560 bytes - 1440K floppy
- 1,720,320 bytes - 1680K floppy (common extended format)
- 1,763,328 bytes - 1722K floppy (common extended format)
- 2,949,120 bytes - 2880K floppy
- 3,932,160 bytes - 3840K floppy (extended format)
-
- For any other size, the image is assumed to be a hard disk image,
- and should typically have an MBR and a partition table. It may
- optionally have a DOSEMU geometry header; in which case the header
- is used to determine the C/H/S geometry of the disk. Otherwise,
- the geometry is determined by examining the partition table, so the
- entire image should be partitioned for proper operation (it may be
- divided between multiple partitions, however.)
-
- You can also specify the geometry manually with the following command
- line options:
-
- c=<number> Specify number of cylinders (max 1024[*])
- h=<number> Specify number of heads (max 256[*])
- s=<number> Specify number of sectors (max 63)
- floppy The image is a floppy image
- harddisk The image is a hard disk image
-
- [*] MS-DOS only allows max 255 heads, and only allows 255 cylinders
- on floppy disks.
-
- c) The disk is normally writable (although, of course, there is
- nothing backing it up, so it only lasts until reset.) If you want,
- you can mimic a write-protected disk by specifying the command line
- option:
-
- ro Disk is readonly
-
- d) MEMDISK normally uses the BIOS "INT 15h mover" API to access high
- memory. This is well-behaved with extended memory managers which load
- later. Unfortunately it appears that the "DOS boot disk" from
- WinME/XP *deliberately* crash the system when this API is invoked.
- The following command-line option tells MEMDISK to enter protected
- mode directly, whenever possible:
-
- raw Use raw access to protected mode memory
-
-
-
- Some interesting things to note:
-
- If you're using MEMDISK to boot DOS from a CD-ROM (using ISOLINUX),
- you might find the generic El Torito CD-ROM driver by Gary Tong and
- Bart Lagerweij useful:
-
- http://www.nu2.nu/eltorito/
-
-
- Similarly, if you're booting DOS over the network using PXELINUX, you
- can use the "keeppxe" option and use the generic PXE (UNDI) NDIS
- network driver, which is part of the PROBOOT.EXE distribution from
- Intel:
-
- http://www.intel.com/support/network/adapter/1000/software.htm
-
-
- Additional technical information:
-
- Starting with version 2.08, MEMDISK now supports an installation check
- API. This works as follows:
-
- EAX = 454D08xxh ("ME") (08h = parameter query)
- ECX = 444Dxxxxh ("MD")
- EDX = 5349xxnnh ("IS") (nn = drive #)
- EBX = 3F4Bxxxxh ("K?")
- INT 13h
-
- If drive nn is a MEMDISK, the registers will contain:
-
- EAX = 4D21xxxxh ("!M")
- ECX = 4D45xxxxh ("EM")
- EDX = 4944xxxxh ("DI")
- EBX = 4B53xxxxh ("SK")
-
- ES:DI -> MEMDISK info structures
-
- The low parts of EAX/ECX/EDX/EBX have the normal return values for INT
- 13h, AH=08h, i.e. information of the disk geometry etc.
-
- See Ralf Brown's interrupt list,
- http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/ralf/pub/WWW/files.html or
- http://www.ctyme.com/rbrown.htm, for a detailed description.
-
- The MEMDISK info structure currently contains:
-
- [ES:DI] word Total size of structure (currently 27 bytes)
- [ES:DI+2] byte MEMDISK minor version
- [ES:DI+3] byte MEMDISK major version
- [ES:DI+4] dword Pointer to MEMDISK data in high memory
- [ES:DI+8] dword Size of MEMDISK data in 512-byte sectors
- [ES:DI+12] 16:16 Far pointer to command line
- [ES:DI+16] 16:16 Old INT 13h pointer
- [ES:DI+20] 16:16 Old INT 15h pointer
- [ES:DI+24] word Amount of DOS memory before MEMDISK loaded
- [ES:DI+26] byte Boot loader ID
-
- MEMDISK 3.00 and higher has the size of this structure as 27; earlier
- versions had size 26 and did not include the boot loader ID.
-
- In addition, the following fields are available at [ES:0]:
-
- [ES:0] word Offset of INT 13h routine (segment == ES)
- [ES:2] word Offset of INT 15h routine (segment == ES)
-
- The program mdiskchk.c in the sample directory is an example on how
- this API can be used.
-
- The following code can be used to "disable" MEMDISK. Note that it
- does not free the handler in DOS memory, and that running this from
- DOS will probably crash your machine (DOS doesn't like drives
- suddenly disappearing from underneath):
-
- mov eax, 454D0800h
- mov ecx, 444D0000h
- mov edx, 53490000h + drive #
- mov ebx, 3F4B0000h
- int 13h
-
- shr eax, 16
- cmp ax, 4D21h
- jne not_memdisk
- shr ecx, 16
- cmp cx, 4D45h
- jne not_memdisk
- shr edx, 16
- cmp dx, 4944h
- jne not_memdisk
- shr ebx, 16
- cmp bx, 4B53h
- jne not_memdisk
-
- cli
- mov bx,[es:0] ; INT 13h handler offset
- mov eax,[es:di+16] ; Old INT 13h handler
- mov byte [es:bx], 0EAh ; FAR JMP
- mov [es:bx+1], eax
-
- mov bx,[es:2] ; INT 15h handler offset
- mov eax,[es:di+20] ; Old INT 15h handler
- mov byte [es:bx], 0EAh ; FAR JMP
- mov [es:bx+1], eax
- sti
-